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. 2015 Jun 15;60(12):e90-7.
doi: 10.1093/cid/civ182. Epub 2015 Apr 20.

The effect of reactive school closure on community influenza-like illness counts in the state of Michigan during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic

Brian M Davis  1 , Howard Markel  2 , Alex Navarro  2 , Eden Wells  1 , Arnold S Monto  1 , Allison E Aiello  3
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The effect of reactive school closure on community influenza-like illness counts in the state of Michigan during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic

Brian M Davis et al. Clin Infect Dis. .
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Abstract

Background: In sum, 559 Michigan schools were closed as a nonpharmaceutical intervention during the influenza A 2009 (H1N1) pandemic.

Methods: By linking the proportion of schools closed within a district to state influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance data, we measured its effect on community levels of ILI. This analysis was centered by the peak week of ILI for each school district, and a negative binomial model compared three levels of school closure: 0%, 1%-50%, and 51%-100% of schools closed from three weeks leading up to ILI peak to four weeks following ILI peak rate.

Results: We observed that school closures were reactive, and there was no statistically significant difference between ILI rates over the study period. There was an elevated rate ratio for ILI at 51%-100% closure, and a reduction in the rate ratio at the 1%-50% compared to the 0% closure level.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that district level reactive school closures were ineffective.

Keywords: influenza; influenza-like illness; nonpharmaceutical interventions; school closure.

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